What are the visa & residency requirements in Norway?

"Visa requirements in Norway depend on a visitor’s country of origin. Generally, those from countries in the European Economic Area (EEA) and the Schengen area do not need to apply for a visa. Those travelling from outside of the EEA and Schengen area, including the USA, need to apply for a visa. The process of applying for a visa includes submitting a valid passport, a printed confirmation page of the application form, and additional documents including proof of sufficient funds and/or a letter of invitation from a Norwegian Citizen. Those wishing to obtain residency in Norway must first apply for a residence permit. Depending on individual circumstances, the application process may include proving one’s identity and economic standing, health insurance coverage, and background checks. Required documents typically vary according to individual circumstances and can include a valid passport, proof of address, health certificate, birth certificate, and a letter of intent. Upon approval, applicants will be invited to attend a registration interview and receive their residence permit," said another expat in Norway.