10 Things to Know Before Moving to Mongolia

Considering a move to Mongolia? This vast, landlocked country offers a unique blend of ancient traditions and modern development. Before you pack your bags, here are ten essential things to know, from cultural nuances to practical tips, to help you navigate the expat life in Mongolia.

1. Embrace the Nomadic Culture

Mongolia's nomadic heritage runs deep, with around 30% of the population still living a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle. Embrace this culture by trying local dishes like buuz (steamed dumplings) and airag (fermented mare's milk). You might even get invited to a ger (yurt) for a meal. Accepting such invitations is not only polite but also a fantastic way to immerse yourself in the local culture.

2. Understand the Climate Extremes

Mongolia is known for its extreme continental climate, with scorching summers and bitterly cold winters. In the capital, Ulaanbaatar, temperatures can drop to -40°C (-40°F) in winter and rise to 30°C (86°F) in summer. Pack accordingly, and be prepared for stark seasonal contrasts. Locals often joke that Mongolia is the only place where you can experience all four seasons in a single day.

3. Learn Basic Mongolian

While English is spoken in tourist areas and among younger generations, learning basic Mongolian will greatly enhance your experience. Locals appreciate efforts to communicate in their language. Start with greetings like "sain baina uu" (hello) and "bayartai" (goodbye). language learning apps can be a great starting point.

4. Navigate the Traffic Chaos

Traffic in Ulaanbaatar can be chaotic, with congestion and unpredictable driving habits. Public transportation is extensive but can be crowded and confusing. Consider using ride-hailing apps or join expat groups to share tips on navigating the city. A good sense of humor and patience go a long way in dealing with the traffic.

5. Explore the Great Outdoors

Mongolia's vast landscapes are its crown jewel. From the Gobi Desert to the Altai Mountains, there's plenty to explore. Horse trekking, camel riding, and camping are popular activities. Locals often say that the best way to experience Mongolia is to get out of the city and into the countryside. Just be prepared for basic amenities when traveling in rural areas.

6. Respect Local Customs

Mongolians have unique customs that should be respected. For instance, it's considered impolite to refuse offered food or drink, and stepping on the threshold of a ger is seen as bad luck. When visiting local homes, bring small gifts like sweets or tea, and always accept offered hospitality graciously.

7. Prepare for Air Pollution

Ulaanbaatar struggles with air pollution, especially during winter when coal burning increases. Invest in a good air purifier for your home and consider wearing a pollution mask outdoors. Some expats find that regular exercise and a healthy diet help mitigate the effects of pollution.

8. Adapt to the Local Cuisine

Mongolian cuisine is hearty and meat-centric. Vegetarians may struggle, but there are international restaurants and vegetarian options in Ulaanbaatar. Be open to trying local dishes; you might discover a new favorite. A fellow expat once said, "I never thought I'd love khuushuur (deep-fried meat pastry), but now I crave it!"

9. Build a Network

Joining expat groups and attending local events can help you build a support network. Mongolians are generally friendly and welcoming, and the expat community is tight-knit. Don't hesitate to ask for advice or help. One expat recalled, "When I first moved here, a local family helped me find my way around and even invited me for Tsagaan Sar (Lunar New Year). It made all the difference."

10. Be Patient and Flexible

Life in Mongolia can be unpredictable. Bureaucracy can be slow, and things may not always go as planned. Stay patient and flexible. As one long-term expat put it, "Mongolia has taught me to expect the unexpected and embrace the chaos. It's all part of the adventure."

Moving to Mongolia is more than just a change of scenery; it's an immersion into a rich culture and a unique way of life. By understanding and embracing these aspects, you'll be well on your way to a rewarding expat experience in the Land of the Eternal Blue Sky.