Gambia
Coastal BeachesThe Gambia, officially known as the Republic of The Gambia, is the smallest country within mainland Africa and is almost entirely surrounded by Senegal, except for its western coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. It is situated on the west coast of Africa and is less than 50 kilometers wide at its widest point, but it stretches approximately 320 kilometers into the interior of the continent, following the path of the Gambia River from which the country takes its name. The Gambia gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1965. Banjul is its capital, but the largest cities are Serekunda and Brikama. The country's geography is characterized by the river and its surrounding floodplains, which are crucial for agriculture, particularly for rice and peanut cultivation. The climate is generally tropical with a hot and rainy season from June to November and a cooler, dry season from November to May. The Gambia is known for its diverse ecosystems around the central Gambia River. Abundant wildlife can be found in its Kiang West National Park and Bao Bolong Wetland Reserve, including monkeys, leopards, hippos, hyenas, and rare birds. The nation has a rich cultural heritage, with multiple ethnic groups living together, each with its own language and traditions. Tourism is a significant part of the economy, with visitors drawn to its beaches, wildlife, and historical sites such as Kunta Kinteh Island, which was a center for the Atlantic slave trade. The Gambia's economy also relies on agriculture, remittances from abroad, and a growing re-export trade. Despite its small size, The Gambia has played a more prominent role in regional politics, particularly during the long rule of former President Yahya Jammeh, who was ousted in 2017 after 22 years in power. The country has since been working to establish a more democratic and transparent government. The Gambia's population is predominantly Muslim, and this plays a significant role in the social and cultural life of the country. English is the official language, reflecting its colonial history, but several indigenous languages are also widely spoken, including Mandinka, Wolof, and Fula.