Educational System in Bulgaria

Moving to Bulgaria with your family comes with many considerations, one of the most important being understanding the educational system. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Bulgarian educational system to help expats make informed decisions about their children's schooling. The Bulgarian educational system is divided into several stages, each with its unique focus and approach. Understanding these stages, along with the options available for both public and private schooling, will help newcomers navigate the educational landscape effectively.

What are the main stages of education in Bulgaria and what are the names of those stages?

The Bulgarian educational system is structured into four main stages: Preschool Education, Primary Education, Secondary Education, and Higher Education. Each stage has specific objectives and curricula designed to prepare students for the next level of their academic journey.

Preschool Education

Preschool Education in Bulgaria is designed for children aged 3 to 6. It focuses on social, emotional, and cognitive development through play and interactive activities. Preschool is not mandatory but is highly recommended to prepare children for primary education.

Primary Education

Primary Education, also known as "osnovno obrazovanie," is mandatory and covers children aged 6 to 14. This stage is divided into two cycles: first cycle (grades 1-4) and second cycle (grades 5-8). The focus is on foundational subjects such as mathematics, Bulgarian language, natural sciences, and social studies.

Secondary Education

Secondary Education, or "sredno obrazovanie," is for students aged 14 to 18. It is divided into two types: general secondary education and vocational secondary education. General secondary education prepares students for higher education, while vocational education focuses on practical skills and professional training.

Higher Education

Higher Education in Bulgaria includes universities, colleges, and specialized higher education institutions. Students typically enter higher education after completing secondary school and obtaining a diploma. Higher education offers a wide range of programs leading to bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.

How does a newcomer from a different country enroll their kids in school?

To enroll your children in a Bulgarian school, you will need to provide several documents, including a valid passport, a residence permit, and academic transcripts from the previous school. Additionally, a birth certificate and a medical certificate indicating the child's health status may be required. Contacting the school directly or the local educational authority can provide specific guidance on the enrollment process.

My children are still learning Bulgarian, can they enroll in a public school?

Yes, children who are still learning Bulgarian can enroll in public schools. Many schools offer additional language support programs to help non-native speakers integrate into the educational system. However, it is advisable to check with the specific school to understand the support available for language learners.

Are there public bilingual schools? (Where are they and how do international students get admitted)

Yes, there are public bilingual schools in Bulgaria, particularly in larger cities like Sofia and Plovdiv. These schools offer instruction in both Bulgarian and another language, commonly English, German, French, or Spanish. Admission requirements may vary, but generally, international students need to provide the same documents as for monolingual schools, along with proof of language proficiency in the second language.

What types of private schools are common in Bulgaria?

Private schools in Bulgaria include international schools, bilingual schools, and specialized schools focusing on specific subjects like arts or sports. often follow curricula such as the International Baccalaureate (IB) or British curriculum and cater to the expat community. Private schools typically offer smaller class sizes and additional resources compared to public schools.

Do expats typically send their children to public or private school? How expensive are Private schools in Bulgaria?

Expats in Bulgaria often choose private schools, especially international schools, due to the language of instruction and the familiarity of the curriculum. Private schools can be expensive, with tuition fees ranging from a few thousand to tens of thousands of Bulgarian leva per year, depending on the school and the grade level. Additional costs may include uniforms, textbooks, and extracurricular activities.

Are you allowed to homeschool while living in Bulgaria?

Homeschooling is not widely recognized or legally supported in Bulgaria. Compulsory education laws require children to attend a registered educational institution. While some families may choose to homeschool, it is important to be aware of the legal implications and potential consequences.

May kids attend online school instead of a local school while living in Bulgaria?

Online schooling is becoming more accepted, especially in light of recent global events. However, it is crucial to check with the local educational authorities to ensure that online programs meet the educational requirements and regulations in Bulgaria. Some international schools may offer online learning options for expat families.