Educational System in Belgium

Belgium offers a well-structured and comprehensive educational system, which may initially seem complex to expats due to the country's multiple linguistic communities. The system is divided into stages similar to other European countries, with a focus on bilingualism and multiculturalism. Understanding the stages, enrollment processes, and schooling options is crucial for expats planning to move with their children.

What are the main stages of education in Belgium and what are the names of those stages?

The Belgian educational system is broadly divided into four main stages: early childhood education, primary education, secondary education, and higher education. Each stage has specific names and focuses on different aspects of a child's development and learning.

Early Childhood Education - Crèche and École Maternelle

Ages 0 to 6. Early childhood education in Belgium is optional but widely attended. It is divided into crèches (daycare centers) for infants and toddlers, and écoles maternelles (preschools) for children aged 2.5 to 6. The focus is on socialization, play, and basic skill development. Transition to primary education is automatic.

Primary Education - École Primaire or Lager Onderwijs

Ages 6 to 12. Primary education is compulsory and focuses on foundational subjects such as reading, writing, mathematics, and introductory courses in languages, history, and science. It is called école primaire in French and lager onderwijs in Dutch.

Secondary Education - École Secondaire or Secundair Onderwijs

Ages 12 to 18. Secondary education is also compulsory and is divided into cycles, with the first cycle offering a broad curriculum and later cycles allowing students to specialize in different streams such as general, technical, vocational, or artistic education. It is called école secondaire in French and secundair onderwijs in Dutch.

Higher Education - Enseignement Supérieur or Hoger Onderwijs

Ages 18 and above. Higher education includes universities and colleges offering bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. It is called enseignement supérieur in French and hoger onderwijs in Dutch.

How does a newcomer from a different country enroll their kids in school?

To enroll children in Belgian schools, expats should contact the school of their choice directly. Required documents typically include a passport or residence permit, proof of address, and previous school records. Some schools may have specific enrollment periods, so it is advisable to check well in advance.

My children are still learning the local language, can they enroll in a public school?

Children who are still learning the local language (French, Dutch, or German) can enroll in public schools. Many schools offer support for non-native speakers, such as language immersion programs or additional language classes. However, the availability of these services may vary by region and school.

Are there public bilingual schools?

Yes, there are public bilingual schools in Belgium, particularly in Brussels and other multilingual regions. These schools offer education in two languages, most commonly French and Dutch. Admission criteria vary, and some schools may have waiting lists. International students are typically admitted based on availability and language proficiency.

What types of private schools are common in Belgium?

Common types of private schools in Belgium include Catholic schools, international schools, and bilingual schools. Catholic schools are prevalent and follow the national curriculum with a religious focus. international schools offer education in English or other languages and follow various international curricula. Bilingual schools provide education in two languages, often French and Dutch.

Do expats typically send their children to public or private school? How expensive are Private schools in Belgium?

Expats in Belgium send their children to both public and private schools, depending on their preferences and circumstances. Public schools are free, while private schools charge tuition fees ranging from moderate to high, especially for international schools. Fees can vary significantly, with some international schools costing over €20,000 per year.

Are you allowed to homeschool while living in Belgium?

Homeschooling is allowed in Belgium, but it is subject to strict regulations. Parents must obtain permission from the relevant educational authorities and ensure that their children receive an education equivalent to that provided in schools. Regular inspections may be conducted to assess the quality of education.

May kids attend online school instead of a local school while living in Belgium?

Online schooling is not widely recognized as a replacement for traditional schooling in Belgium. Compulsory education laws require children to attend a recognized school. However, in exceptional circumstances, such as medical reasons, temporary online learning arrangements may be approved by educational authorities.